1. Normalize orientation
Scanners do not solve orientation for you. Bake rotation into pixels, then reset orientation state so later tools do not double-rotate files.
The archive either becomes searchable and collaborative here, or it stalls as a folder of anonymous rotated-wrong JPEGs.
The third research pass maps the real post-scan stack: normalize orientation, restore on copies, write portable metadata, date the uncertain images honestly, and use collaboration plus face tagging to turn a folder into a family archive.
Workflow
Each layer makes the next one cheaper and safer. Skip the order and the archive becomes harder to trust.
Scanners do not solve orientation for you. Bake rotation into pixels, then reset orientation state so later tools do not double-rotate files.
Keep the raw master first, then run tonal correction, dust cleanup, and AI enhancement on working copies with clear labels.
Push dates, people, keywords, locations, and descriptions into EXIF, IPTC, and XMP instead of trapping them inside one app.
Use anchor events, approximate dates, and confidence labels so chronology works without inventing fake certainty.
Use collaborative review albums, spreadsheets, and comments to pull names and stories out of family members while they still know them.
Use face clustering and manual review to reduce repeated naming work, but keep a master archive outside platform lock-in.
Studios
The research is too dense for one page. These labs separate image cleanup, metadata strategy, and family review/tagging.
Use this page for the rotation problem scanners leave behind, layered restoration methods, and the line between repair and invention.
Use this page for standard metadata fields, CSV import/export, approximate-date strategy, and folder-plus-sidecar structure.
Use this page for collaborative identification, platform tradeoffs, face-tagging tools, and privacy boundaries for family archives.
Use this page to interview grandparents and older relatives with prompts that can feed an album voiceover, oral history, memorial piece, or family archive record.
Rules
These are the constraints that keep the archive durable even if tools, services, or preferences change later.
Always preserve the original scan or TIFF master, then derive rotated, restored, cropped, tagged, and shared variants from that source.
If names, dates, captions, and locations do not travel in standard metadata or sidecars, the archive is still dependent on one vendor database.
The hardest thing to restore later is identity. A kitchen-table naming session can be more valuable than another hour of pixel cleanup.